Since he lacked a pontoon bridge to cross the Aisne, the French emperor directed his forces to move northeast to Berry-au-Bac where there was a stone bridge. The ridge varies from 200 yards (180 m) to 2 miles (3.2 km) in width. For his part, Napoleon had 34,233 troops on 2 March while Marmont and Mortier had been reinforced to 17,000 men but lost possibly 3,000 casualties in the week before Craonne. On the French side, Marshal Victor and Generals of Division Grouchy, Laferrière and Boyer de Rébeval were wounded as were Generals of Brigade Bigarré and Lecapitaine. He instructed his cavalry to assist Vorontsov and sent his infantry north toward Laon. Champ de bataille de Craonne, abbaye de Vauclair. Farther east at Cerny-en-Laonnois were 4,000 regular cavalry led by Ilarion Vasilievich Vasilshikov and 1,500 Cossacks under Akim Akimovich Karpov. [36], At 1:45 pm, Laferrière's 3rd Guard Cavalry Division charged the large Russian battery in the center. The slope was wooded and steeper on the north side where the marshy Ailette ran west before joining the Oise River. [20] Kleist finally arrived at Festieux at 4:00 pm. [34] Early in the action, a bullet hit Victor in the thigh, putting him out of action. [33] Napoleon was partly responsible for Ney's blunder because he did not explain his battle plan to the marshal. add example. Quelques objectifs fixés par l’ambitieux plan de l’état-major sont atteints, mais les pertes sont considérables. [7] The premature surrender of Soissons allowed Blücher to more easily cross to the north bank of the Aisne River on 3–4 March. At 4:00 pm Vorontsov withdrew again to the hamlet of Troyan near Cerny. [35] At noon, Boyer de Rébeval attacked and seized the Marion Woods. [23], At 8:00 am on 7 March, Vorontsov deployed his corps facing east in three lines, spaced 400 to 500 yards (366 to 457 m) apart. Napoleon came into contact with Vorontsov's corps on the evening of 6 March, believing that he had Blücher on the run. Retour à Craonne, théatre d'une des plus sanglante bataille de la grande guerre. La bataille de Craonne eut lieu le 7 mars 1814, et se termina par une victoire des armées françaises commandées par Napoléon I contre les armées russes et prussiennes du maréchal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher. Louis Friant's 1st Old Guard Division and Claude Marie Meunier's 1st Young Guard Division crossed and occupied positions as far north as Corbeny. Entre le plateau de Californie et la grotte du Dragon, sur le point le plus élevé du plateau, se trouvait un moulin, qui servit d'observatoire à Napoléon I er, pour suivre et diriger les opérations de la bataille de Craonne le 7 mars 1814. Nansouty's troopers overran some Russian cavalry and captured 200 men and two guns, but the main prize was their seizure of the bridge. [11], Blücher realized that Napoleon was trying to reach Laon by the Reims road. [21] The Russian position was naturally strong because the ridge in front was narrow and easily targeted with artillery fire. ExtraZoom High Resolution Image 0 out of 5 bas Elle opposait en effet la France aux russes et aux prussiens. [30] Anxious that Sacken and Vorontsov were in danger, Blücher ordered those generals to retreat. [8] By this time Napoleon knew that Wintzingerode had joined Blücher, giving him at least 70,000 men to oppose 48,000 French troops. The young French conscripted soldiers were called "Marie-Louises" (after Napoleon's second wife) because Marie-Louise signed the order for their conscription in Napoleon's absence. When the 6th Jägers fell back through their position, Nikitin's guns opened a deadly fire on the pursuing French. Media in category "Battle of Craonne" The following 7 files are in this category, out of 7 total. [13], At 5:00 am on 5 March, Guard cavalry divisions under Pierre David de Colbert-Chabanais and Louis Marie Levesque de Laferrière surprised and captured Reims and its Allied garrison. Information and translations of Craonne in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on … A la sortie du village de Craonnelle en direction de Craonne, le cimetière militaire se situe sur votre gauche. Si le nom de Craonne est surtout connu depuis la Grande Guerre comme le lieu symbolique du sacrifice des poilus de 1917, il doit également être associé à un épisode tragique de la campagne de France de 1814. General-Leutnant Laptiev and Generalmajors Hovansky, Glebov, Feodor Vasilyevich Zvarykin and Andrey Timofeevich Maslov were wounded. La chanson de Craonne, éclairage sur la Grande Guerre Première chanson pacifiste du XXème, la Chanson de Craonne est un symbole de la Grande Guerre, décrivant une vision réaliste du quotidien, des doutes, de la souffrance des soldats dans les tranchées. Centenaire de la bataille du Chemin des Dames (19 F) H Hurtebise (1 C, 10 F) M Monument aux morts de Craonne (7 F) T Town hall of Craonne (9 F) V Watercolour by Simon Fort. The next contest would be the Battle of Laon on 9–10 March. (en) Bataille de CraonneFichier:Jung theodore.jpg La bataille de Craonne par Théodore Jung. Montmirail, 14 février 1814, neuf heures du soir. [24], The Russian second line was made up of the seven battalions of Vasily Laptiev's 21st Division. cliché S. Bücher) ; autour la forêt recouvre et conserve les traces de l’ancien champ de bataille et de … Elle opposait en effet la France aux russes et aux prussiens. [9], In fact, Blücher may have had as many as 110,000 troops by this time. [19] The Russian forces involved were the 13th and 14th Jäger Regiments. Reconstitution de la bataille de Craonne du 7 mars 1814 : les troupes impériales de Napoléon face aux troupes russes. Photographies. Ordre de bataille des Français – Ordre de bataille des Alliés. Wintzingerode's cavalry was supposed to gather at Filain before setting out on its march and was expected to arrive at Festieux at dawn. De cette guerre infâme. La chanson de Craonne a été créée vers 1917 pendant la première Guerre Mondiale. 22 relations. La bataille de Craonne est une célèbre bataille du Chemin des Dames qui eut lieu le 7 mars 1814 aux abords de Craonne, dans l’Aisne (02, Picardie, Hauts-de-France). La bataille de Craonne eut lieu le 7 mars 1814, et se termina par une victoire des armées françaises commandées par Napoléon Ier contre les armées russes et prussiennes du maréchal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher. 3S931 il ne s'agit pas d'une Carte Postale. The Russians sustained 1,056 casualties,[14] while the French lost 800–900 men. Napoleon immediately responded and attacked the Prussian and Russian force at Craonne before more enemy troops could come up. The first line consisted of 14 battalions of Nikolay Vasilyevich Vuich's 24th Division, Mikhail Ponset's brigade of the 14th Division and the 13th Jägers. Vorontsov committed Andrey Savvich Glebov's brigade from the third line into the fight. Since Boyer de Rébeval's men were raw conscripts with only 20 days of service their musketry and cannon fire was not very effective. The 19th Jäger and Shirvan Infantry Regiments pressed forward but Antoine Drouot moved up two Guard artillery batteries and their fire halted the Russian attack. The Pavlograd Hussars lost 22 officers killed or wounded, the 13th Jägers lost 16 officers and 400 men and the Shirvan Infantry Regiment lost half its numbers. The ridge has an average height of 400 feet (122 m) above the Aisne valley on the south. März 1814 auf dem Chemin des Dames in der Picardie in Frankreich. Sending his men into the attack without artillery support was Ney's fault alone. La bataille de Craonne est une célèbre bataille du Chemin des Dames qui eut lieu le 7 mars 1814 aux abords de Craonne, dans l’Aisne (02, Picardie, Hauts-de-France). [28] At 11:30 am, Ney's artillery began pounding the Russian left flank and Ney personally led Meunier's men forward to the top of the slope. Unfortunately for the French, the timing of the attack was off and their raw conscripts did not hold up well against the devastating artillery fire. He knew that Wintzingerode's Russians and Bülow's Prussians were nearby and hoped to join them soon. [13] From 3:00–6:00 pm on 5 March, Marmont and Mortier tried to capture Soissons from its Russian garrison, but were repulsed. 11 (12 6-pound guns), This page was last edited on 29 December 2020, at 00:34. Le nom de Craonne, situé au cœur de la bataille du Chemin des Dames, a été popularisé par La Chanson de Craonne qui reste associée aux mutins de 1917 de la Première Guerre mondiale et fut interdite par le commandement militaire en raison de ses paroles antimilitaristes. A propos du plateau de Californie … Comme l’ensemble du plateau du Chemin des Dames, le plateau de Craonne était cultivé en 1914. Nouvelle diffusion du reportage de Raissa Blankoff, avec Noël Genteur et Yves Follen. One difficulty was that Wintzingerode's horsemen would first have to move west along the Chemin des Dames ridge to reach Filain. Craonne redeviendra français après la victoire de la Malmaison en octobre 1917. [48] Napoleon believed that the Allied army was fleeing from him in confusion, but this was not the case. The French army bivouacked along the Chemin des Dames ridge as follows: Charpentier's infantry and the Guard cavalry at Filain, Colbert at Aizy-Jouy, Belliard at Ostel, Ney to the north of Ostel, Napoleon, Mortier and the Guard infantry at Braye-en-Laonnois. The village of Ailles on the left flank was held by skirmishers. Bataille de Craonne. The battle of Craonne (7 March 1814) was a rare example of a battle where both commanders misjudged the situation and was unsatisfactory for both the French and the Allies, although counts as a narrow French victory . This monument was erected by the Aisne Tourist Board March 7, 1814 Marshal Blucher had regrouped his army and was advancing on Paris again. Bicentenaire de la bataille de Craonne. He also heard that French cavalry were advancing north on the Reims road. Craonne évoque la bataille près du village de Craonne dans le département de l'Aisne aux alentours de Ricanne. The 14th Jägers held the Heurtebise Farm and drew up in skirmish formation in front of the first line. Matkusta ajassa taaksepäin vanhojen postikorttien tietokannassamme ja tulet kokemaan paikat, joissa esivanhempasi asuivat. Laferrière was badly wounded[36] and his horsemen were met by intense fire. [19] With him, Mortier had the infantry divisions of Charles-Joseph Christiani and Paul-Jean-Baptiste Poret de Morvan and the cavalry division of Jean-Marie Defrance. [18], Russian General Louis Andrault de Langeron, Russian General Ferdinand von Wintzingerode, General of Division Augustin Belliard (replaced Grouchy), By 5:00 pm on 6 March, Meunier captured Vauclair Abbey from the Russians. By 2:30 pm, Charpentier's troops linked up with Nansouty's horsemen on the French left and together they began to force back the Russian right flank. LA CHANSON DE CRAONNE à partir du site lewebpedagogique.com 1. North of the Ailette there is more ground of a similar elevation. [13] Another source calculated French losses as 1,500 men. bataille de craonne bataille de craonne avant la guerre craonne comptait 800 habitants craonne après la guerre beaucoup de maisons n’ont pu Ëtre reconstruites craonne … Le nouveau Craonne doit être reconstruit sur un autre emplacement à quelques centaines de mètres en contrebas. [17] Wintzingerode's force consisted of 5,500 of his own horsemen plus all of the reserve cavalry belonging to Langeron and Yorck. Première chanson pacifiste du XXème, la Chanson de Craonne est un symbole de la Grande Guerre, décrivant une vision réaliste du quotidien, des doutes, de la souffrance des soldats dans les tranchées. Pierre François Xavier Boyer's division was at Bouconville in support of Meunier, one Old Guard brigade was at Craonne and the other was at Corbeny, Exelmans' horsemen were at Craonnelle and Joseph Boyer de Rébeval's division was at La Ville-aux-Bois-lès-Pontavert. Napoleon had hoped to easily dispose of Vorontsov's corps, but found that he had to fight a major battle. Huit jours de tranchées, huit jours de souffrance, ... Soulignez en rouge les termes qui renvoient à la bataille proprement dite. [33], By 1:00 pm, the Russians threatened to drive the troops of Meunier and Boyer de Rébeval off the ridge. Napoleon left Marshal Jacques MacDonald with one army to observe Schwarzenberg and started after Blücher with another army. By 6 March Napoleon had 30,500 men near Berry-au-Bac. Craonne est à mi-chemin entre Laon et Reims (à environ une trentaine de kilomètres de chacune de ces villes). "Commemoration of the Battle of Craonne of March 7, 1814. > Interdite par le commandement militaire qui la censura (= interdite de diffusion) en raison de ses paroles antimilitaristes qui incitaient à la mutinerie Le 25 juin, une dizaine de Châlonnais à l'invitation de Jean Marc, firent le déplacement à Craonne sous un chaud soleil. An additional 10,000 soldiers under Marshals Auguste de Marmont and Édouard Mortier stood between the Prussian field marshal and Paris. The third line under Pavel Aleksandrovich Stroganov comprised nine battalions in Nikolay Nikolaevich Hovansky's 12th Division and Sergey Fyodorovich Zheltukhin's brigade of 13th Division. 22 relations. Nansouty reached the end of the Paissy valley before being turned back by cannon fire. Craonne is located 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Laon and about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northeast of Paris. La bataille de Craonne eut lieu le 7 mars 1814, et se termina par une victoire des armées françaises commandées par Napoléon Ier contre les armées russes et prussiennes du maréchal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher. I Craonne dia kaominina ao amin'ny fivondronan'i Laon, ao amin'ny departemantan'i Aisne, ao amin'ny faritr'i Hauts-de-France, ao Frantsa.Ny INSEE dia mampiasa ny kaodim-paositra 02234. Cette bataille, menée par Napoléon 1 er, se termina par une victoire du côté français. Se déplaçant rapidement et volontairement, les Français parvinrent à repousser les Alliés de l'autre côté de l'Aube. Boyer de Rébeval's division fell back into the Marion Woods where it rallied. Example sentences with "Battle of Craonne", translation memory. What does Craonne mean? PRESENTATION : La chanson de Craonne > Chanson populaire et contestataire, créée et chantée par les soldats français durant la Première Guerre mondiale, entre 1915 et 1917. The disadvantage on the left flank was that the slope was so steep that it provided the French with "dead ground" or places where they could approach without coming under cannon fire. [28] One account stated that Curial's division operated with Meunier's troops from the beginning. [13], Blücher planned to have Vorontsov defend against a French attack on the Chemin des Dames ridge, while Sacken remained in support farther west at Braye-en-Laonnois. Disappointed that no battle was going to be fought, Blücher proposed that his army separate from the main army and operate to the north. [26], According to one authority, Vorontsov commanded roughly 16,300 infantry, 1,000 regular cavalry, 1,000 Cossacks and 96 artillery pieces. [30] One historian credited Napoleon with 30,000 troops and the Allies with 50,000. Ce monument a été érigé par le Comité de Tourisme de l'Aisne, Inauguré le 30/06/1974 par Michel Poniatowski. [41] Vasilshikov's cavalry intervened just as Benkendorf's horsemen were on the verge of being overwhelmed by the cavalry of Exelmans, Pac and Laferrière. [37], That morning, having failed to reconnoiter the roads, Winzingerode selected a bad route. At 1:30 pm Napoleon ordered Emmanuel de Grouchy to commit his cavalry in an effort to get the attack moving. Under the orders of Drouot, 88 guns pummeled the Russian infantry with grapeshot. 10-03-2015 - chemin des dames bataille de craonne la ferme d'hurtebise 13 septembre 1914 Nikolay Diomidovich Myakinin commanded the corps artillery which deployed 12 heavy and 24 light guns in the center under Colonel Vinspar. In the circumstances, Wintzingerode decided to wait until daybreak to start on his march, but he neglected to order a reconnaissance of the roads. Dans la culture Le moulin de Vauclair (ou tour de Craonnelle), située sur le point le plus élevé du plateau, lui sert d’observatoire pour diriger la bataille. Blücher ordered Wintzingerode's infantry, commanded by Vorontsov, to remain behind and directly oppose Napoleon's army. The reserve artillery was brought forward and placed in battery beside the guns belonging to Victor's divisions and the Guard. The 2nd Jäger Regiment from the second line moved forward and occupied Ailles. Sparre's troopers drove off the Pavlograd Hussars[35] and then swept into Parkinson's Horse Artillery Battery Nr. I Noël Genteur no ben'ny tanàna mandritry ny taona 2008–2014. [22], At 9:00 am, the French Imperial Guard artillery unlimbered on the east end of the Chemin des Dames ridge and opened fire. 9 were on the left. The War of the Sixth Coalition engagement began when the bulk of Napoleon's army tried to drive Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov's 22,000 Russians off the Chemin des Dames plateau to the west of Craonne. Les différentes sources sur la bataille donnent des forces engagées relativement diverses, en particulier car de part et d'autre une partie seulement des effectifs de l'armée est réellement engagée dans la bataille. [16] At first Blücher directed his army to concentrate near Craonne, but he decided that position was too cramped for his 90,000 men. Il dispose d'entre 29 423[1] et 40 000[2] hommes. 92 relations. 1927 Première grande cérémonie pour le dixième anniversaire de la bataille Oct. 1928 Inauguration du monument à … [42], The Russians retired to another position on the Chemin des Dames plateau before crossing the Ailette at Chevregny. [41], The Russians fell back in good order to a position 800 yards (732 m) southwest of Ailles. [45] A third source broke down the Russian casualties into 1,529 dead and 3,256 wounded, while giving French losses as 8,000. [34] Boyer de Rébeval's division arrived on the field at 11:00 am, but Charpentier's division was slowed by sleet-covered roads. 13 (12 6-pound guns), Horse Artillery Battery Nr. [14] Napoleon ordered Étienne Marie Antoine Champion de Nansouty to seize Berry-au-Bac with a cavalry force consisting of Rémi Joseph Isidore Exelmans' division and Louis Michel Pac's brigade. 1919 Première publication de la « Chanson de Craonne » dans un recueil musical Juil. On 2 March the Prussian field marshal realized that Napoleon was following him and decided to retreat to the north bank of the Ourcq River. The Battle of Craonne, with the Mill in the foreground. Vorontsov withdrew 22 dismounted guns and his wounded. Neither side lost a cannon or a color. Media in category "Battle of Craonne" The following 7 files are in this category, out of 7 total. [11] On this day, Napoleon ordered Jan Willem Janssens at Mézières to gather up the Ardennes garrisons and operate in Blücher's rear areas. Still south of the Aisne were Mortier at Cormicy, Jean-Toussaint Arrighi de Casanova at Roucy and Marmont more distant at Braine. Secteur de Craonne et de Craonnelle. ExtraZoom High Resolution Image. Instead of cutting off Blücher from Laon, Napoleon had to pursue the Allied army directly. Le maréchal Blücher s'étant remis de ses précédents revers plus rapidement que Napoléon ne l'avait espéré, ce dernier fut obligé de détourner son attaque du maréchal Schwarzenberg vers le commandant prussien. mais d'un document GARANTI D'EPOQUE présenté sur carton d'encadrement . [6] The following day, Blücher again failed to push the reinforced French out of his path, but time had run out. However, the 8,000 men from the Guard divisions of Christiani and Poret de Morvan were not destined to be used. The fighting at Craonne was the start of Napoleon's last attempt to defeat Blucher during the 1814 campaign. L'armée de Silésie est commandée par le feld-maréchal von Blücher. Bataille de Craonne. Le but de Napoléon était d'immobiliser les Alliés, puis de lancer le maréchal Ney, à la tête d'un détachement lourdement armé vers la cavalerie adverse, en l'attaquant par le côté. Grouchy sent Louis Ernest Joseph Sparre's dragoon brigade forward. Les soldats français se heurtent à trois obstacles majeurs : le climat (mois d’avril particulièrement froid, neigeux et pluvieux), position de départ difficile (en contrebas du plateau tenu par les Allemands) et surtout méconnaissance de la complexité du système de défense en… Pierre Boyer reported seeing an Allied force to the north; this was Kleist's corps moving east. 4 (8 6-pound guns), Horse Artillery Battery Nr. Elle a continuellement évolué au cours de la guerre en fonction des lieux principaux de combat. Meunier and the Old Guard battalions captured Heurtebise Farm several times, but its Russian defenders threw them out each time and remained in possession of the place. Le village avant 1914 avait une forme triangulaire correspondant aux trois rues principales et il s'étendait sur les pentes du plateau du Chemin des Dames, prenant à cet endroit le nom de « plateau de Craonne ». The advance force was led by Afanasy Ivanovich Krasovsky and included two squadrons of the Pavlograd Hussars on the jägers' right. The first Russian line was 1.5 miles (2 km) long and a distance of 1,100 yards (1 km) west of Heurtebise Farm. [28], Napoleon had 23,573 infantry and 6,350 cavalry available,[29] plus 102 guns. [12] Janssens promptly obeyed and the movements of his troops threw a scare into the Allies. 8-3-14, fêtes commémoratives de la bataille de Craonne en 1814, vue générale [foule nombreuse au pied du monument] (1914) 8-3-14, Craonne, vue générale pendant le discours [foule devant la tribune] (1914) [20] Ney had been told to wait for the order to attack, but the bombardment caused him to send his troops forward. Les trois divisions de la Garde aux ordres de Mortier n'étant pas engagées[1], Zelle estime qu'environ 17 000 fantassins et 6 000 cavaliers prennent part aux combats du côté français[3] tandis qu'Houssaye parle de 20 000 combattants[4]. [20], The Chemin des Dames (Ladies' Road) starts on the Soissons-Laon road and runs east along a continuous ridge to Craonne and then loses elevation before rising again a little at Corbeny. However, the French emperor believed that Bülow was still well to the north near Avesnes-sur-Helpe. [47], According to two historians, Craonne was a Pyrrhic victory because the French held the battlefield at the day's end, but their other objectives were not attained. [44] A second authority placed French casualties between 5,400 and 8,000, while the Russians admitted losing 4,785 killed, wounded and missing. Näe maisemat, rakennukset ja jokapäiväisestä elämästä muun lisäksi. Une journée de souvenir , rencontre et marche. Et, alors que Blücher préparait une attaque avec les 85 000 hommes à sa disposition, Napoléon lança l’assaut avec ses 37 000 soldats. La bataille de Craonne eut lieu le 7 mars 1814, et se termina par une victoire des armées françaises commandées par Napoléon I er contre les armées russes et prussiennes du général Blücher.. [32] Because of Ney's premature attack, Boyer de Rébeval's division had to be diverted from the main attack to support the right flank. 1922 Inauguration du premier monument de la bataille de 1917, à Berry-au-Bac Juil. Changing plans, Blücher planned to assemble 10,000 cavalry and 60 horse artillery guns under Wintzingerode and send it toward Festieux. [46] The 14th Voltigeurs, which was made up of French soldiers from Joseph Bonaparte's disbanded Spanish Guard, lost 32 officers and was virtually annihilated. By this time Ney had brought Meunier's division onto the ridge and the Guard artillery moved forward. Seeing Colbert's horsemen swarming around several Russian infantry squares, Vasilshikov ordered Sergey Nicolaevich Lanskoy to lead the Mariopol and Alexandria Hussar Regiments to charge. [31] Napoleon planned to launch a frontal assault on Vorontsov's Russians, using Marshal Claude Perrin Victor's corps and Curial's division. https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bataille_de_Craonne&oldid=167270132, Bataille des guerres de la Révolution et de l'Empire impliquant le royaume de Prusse, Bataille des guerres de la Révolution et de l'Empire impliquant l'Empire russe, Article avec une section vide ou incomplète, Portail:France au XIXe siècle/Articles liés, Portail:Époque contemporaine/Articles liés, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. The War of the Sixth Coalition engagement began when the bulk of Napoleon's army tried to drive Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov's 22,000 Russians off the Chemin des Dames plateau to the … This battle, which took place on March 7, 1814 near the village of Craonne, was the Emperor's last victory. On the left, Nansouty was instructed to lead Exelmans and Pac to turn the Russian flank. [36] Sacken received his orders at 3:00 pm. The Russian artillery replied, but the range was 1,500 metres (1,640 yd), too long to inflict much damage on either side. [17] While Napoleon was facing Vorontsov, Wintzingerode's cavalry, followed by Kleist, York and Langeron, would move east on the north side of the Ailette River, then strike Napoleon's right flank and rear. Elles sont principalement issues des 2e et 3e corps pour l'infanterie et du 1er corps et du corps du lieutenant-général Vassiltchikov pour la cavalerie[3]. [46][30] Napoleon hoped to march rapidly to Laon and get there ahead of Blücher.
Reproduction Poisson Rouge En Bassin,
Perle Bracelet Swarovski,
Côtelette De Porc Au Four,
Le Bon Coin Immobilier 76,
Brit Hotel Les Evens - Le Mans,
Belles Demeures 71,
Dardilly Le Jubin,